ACL reconstruction replaces a torn anterior cruciate ligament with a graft (usually hamstring or BPTB) using arthroscopic keyhole technique. Return to non-contact sports happens at 4–6 months and contact sports at 6–9 months.
Do all ACL tears need surgery?
No. Sedentary patients with low-demand lifestyles may manage with bracing and physiotherapy. But anyone wanting to return to pivoting sports — football, basketball, badminton, kabaddi — needs reconstruction to prevent further meniscus and cartilage damage.
Graft choices
Hamstring grafts (semitendinosus + gracilis) are the most common, with low donor-site morbidity.
BPTB (bone-patellar tendon-bone) is favoured for elite athletes due to fast bone-to-bone healing.
Quadriceps tendon and allograft are alternatives in revision or specific cases.
Surgery and recovery
The procedure takes about an hour through 2–3 small portals. Patients walk the same day and go home next morning.
Structured rehab progresses through range of motion (week 0–6), strength (6–12 weeks), agility (3–5 months), and sport-specific drills (5–9 months).